This updated review now includes eight studies involving 4464 women and their babies. We searched for evidence from randomised controlled trials in June 2018. It has been suggested that such an upright position can make birth easier. The low doses allow women to be more mobile during their labour and make it easier to assume an upright position. In recent years low-dose techniques, also known as 'walking' or 'mobile' epidurals, have become popular. Such instrumental births can cause later prolapse, urine leakage, or painful sexual intercourse. It is popular, even though it may increase the length of the labour and the use of forceps and vacuum (ventouse) to assist the birth. This is an update of a review first published in 2013.Īn epidural is the most effective method for pain relief in labour. We also wanted to determine women's views on the experience of childbirth and their satisfaction with the labour. For babies, we looked at whether they coped well with labour or needed admission to a special care baby unit. Outcomes included caesarean section, instrumental birth, excessive bleeding or stitches following tears to the vagina during the birth. ![]() ![]() We wanted to find out whether different birthing positions (upright or lying down) during the second stage of labour could change birth outcomes both for women who have used an epidural for pain relief and for their babies. Late labour, sometimes called the second stage, is made up of a latent or passive phase where the mother is fully dilated and the baby’s head descends without the mother pushing, and an active phase when the mother has an urge to push and the baby is born.
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